TRANSICIÓN CONTROLADA Y CONSTITUCIONALISMO AUTORITARIO EN MARRUECOS (2011-2025)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21783/rei.v11i3.927Palabras clave:
autoritarismo institucionalizado, constitucionalismo autoritario, transición controlada, neo-institucionalismo, primavera árabe, monarquía ejecutiva, MarruecosResumen
Este artículo analiza la brecha entre el diseño constitucional formal y el comportamiento institucional real en Marruecos tras la adopción de la Constitución de 2011 en el contexto de las primaveras árabes. A través del análisis de casos específicos como la gestión de las demandas del Movimiento 20-F, la crisis gubernamental de 2016-2017, el Hirak del Rif (2016-2018), el boicot económico de 2018 y la normalización diplomática con Israel (2020), se demuestra cómo las instituciones formales han sido instrumentalizadas para perpetuar estructuras autoritarias bajo una apariencia democrática. El estudio se fundamenta en el marco teórico del neo-institucionalismo y el autoritarismo híbrido, desarrollando los conceptos de "transición controlada" y "autoritarismo institucionalizado" como categorías analíticas para comprender las estrategias de supervivencia autoritaria en contextos sometidos a presiones democratizadoras. El análisis revela la paradoja de la reforma sin cambio, donde modificaciones institucionales aparentemente liberalizadoras refuerzan paradójicamente el control monárquico. El caso marroquí evidencia las especificidades del autoritarismo monárquico árabe contemporáneo y sus sofisticados mecanismos de adaptación institucional.
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