“WAGGING THE DOG”: FEIGNING CRISIS IN U.S. ANTI-MIGRATION NARRATIVES TO CREATE CRISIS

Autores/as

  • Maureen Duffy Associate Professor, University of Calgary, Canada.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21783/rei.v5i2.389

Palabras clave:

human rights, legal norms, anti-imigration.

Resumen

Anti-migration narratives are sweeping around the world, often accompanied by support for racist ideologies. The narratives usually involve some false claim that those seeking to enter the country are presumptively dangerous. Such narratives are obviously not new, but they are arguably being presented in evolving ways and having evolving, and deeply troubling, practical and legal effects. In the U.S., migrants being held in horrific “camp” conditions represent just the latest in a series of anti-migrant measures, each arguably worse than the last. This phenomenon is not limited to the U.S., but that example provides a strong vehicle for demonstrating this larger transnational trend. This article argues that harmful anti-migrant narratives are having significant, adverse effects on human rights and foundational legal norms.

Descargas

Los datos de descargas todavía no están disponibles.

Biografía del autor/a

Maureen Duffy, Associate Professor, University of Calgary, Canada.

Bachelor of Science in Journalism at University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign; Juris Doctor, Loyola University Chicago Law School; Master of Laws at McGill University (Canada); Doctorate of Laws at McGill University (Canada).

Citas

CONSTITUTIONAL DOCUMENTS

Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms, s 2(b), Part 1 of the Constitution Act, 1982, being Schedule B to the Canada Act 1982 (UK), 1982, c 11.

U.S. Const. amend I.

U.S. Const amend V.

LEGISLATION

Criminal Code, RSC 1985, c C-46, s 319 (2) (Canada).

JURISPRUDENCE AND PENDING LITIGATION

Flores v Barr, No 17-56297 YouTube: United States Court of Appeal for the Ninth Circuit (18 June 2019), online: <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Z2GkDz9yEJA&t=2423s> (video of oral argument).

International Refugee Assistance Project v Trump, No. 17-1351, 857 F.3d 554 (4th Cir 2017).

Knight First Amendment Institute at Columbia University et al v Trump, No. 18-1691-cv (2nd Cir 2019).

Mrs. L v ICE, No 3:18-cv-00428-DMS-MDD (SD Cal pending)(legal documents found at <https://www.aclu.org/cases/ms-l-v-ice>).

Ocampo v. Enriquez, G.R. Nos. 225973, 225984, 226097, 226116, 226117, 226120 & 226294, November 8, 2016)(Philippines).

R v Keegstra [1990] 3 SCR 697, [1991] 2 WWR 1 (SCC)(Canada).

Resolutions in Files 3829-2019, 3849-2019 and 3881-2019. “Third Safe Country”, Expedientes Acumulados 3829-2019, 3849-2019 y 3881-2019, Corte de Constitucionalidad República de Guatemala, C.A. (15 July 2019), online: <https://cc.gob.gt/2019/07/15/resoluciones-en-expedientes-3829-2019-3849/> (translated via the website’s translation tool).

Sierra Club v Trump, Case No. 19-cv-00892-HSG (ND Cali 2019) at 54.

Trump v Hawaii, No 17-965, 585 U.S. __ (2018).

Trump v Sierra Club, 588 U. S. ____ (2019).

SECONDARY MATERIAL: MONOGRAPHS/BOOKS

Duffy, Maureen. Detention of Terrorism Suspects: Political Discourse and Fragmented Practices (Oxford: Hart 2018).

Duffy, Maureen T. The U.S. Immigration Detentions in the War on Terror: Impact on the Rule of Law (unpublished Master’s thesis, McGill University, 2005)(focusing on the “special-interest” detainees in the U.S. after the 9/11 attacks).

Lockhart, Michele, ed, President Donald Trump and His Political Discourse: Ramifications of Rhetoric via Twitter (New York: Routledge 2019).

Lytle Hernandez, Kelly. City of Inmates: Conquest, Rebellion, and the Rise of Human Caging in Los Angeles, 1771-1965 (UNC Press 2017).

Noah, Trevor. Born a Crime (Canada: Penguin/Random House/Doubleday Canada 2016).

Thanouli, Eleftheria. Wag the Dog: A Study on Film and Reality in the Digital Age (London: Bloomsbury Academic 2013).

SECONDARY MATERIAL: ACADEMIC ARTICLES/BOOK CHAPTERS

Bakiner, Onur. “‘These are Ordinary Things’: Regulation of Death under the AKP Regime,” in Banu Bargu, ed., Turkey's Necropolitical Laboratory: Democracy, Violence and Resistance (forthcoming October 2019, Edinburgh University Press), as presented at the Canadian Law and Society Association conference, June 2019.

Bangalore Prakash, Saikrishna. “The Imbecilic Executive” (2013) 99 Va. L. Rev. 1361

Brubaker, Rogers. “Between Nationalism and Civilizationism: The European Populist Moment in Comparative Perspective” (2017) 40:8 Ethnic and Racial Studies 1191.

Dahab, Ramsey & Omori, Marisa. “Homegrown Foreigners: How Christian Nationalism and Nativist Attitudes Impact Muslim Civil Liberties” (2018) 42:10 Ethnic and Racial Studies 1727.

Gatmaytan, Dante. “Judicial Historical Revisionism,” forthcoming, as presented at the conferences of the Law and Society Association of Australia and New Zealand and the Canadian Law and Society Association.

Hughey, Matthew W. “Bad Hombres? The Implicit and Explicit Racialization of Immigration,” (2017) 41(1) Humanity and Society 127-129 (an introduction to a series of book reviews).

Light, Michael T. & Miller, Ty. “Does Undocumented Immigration Increase Violent Crime?” (2018) 56:2 Criminology 370 at 370.

Mathews, Melissa K. “Restoring the Imperial Presidency: An Examination of President Bush’s New Emergency Powers,” (2001-2002) 23 Hamline J. Pub. Law 325.

Shernhev, Saul R. “Political Narratives and Political Reality,” (2006) 27:3 International Political Science Review 245.

SECONDARY MATERIAL: GOVERNMENTAL DOCUMENTS/OFFICIAL STATEMENTS

Executive Office of the President, “Affording Congress an Opportunity To Address Family Separation” Federal Register (25 June 2018), online: <https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2018/06/25/2018-13696/affording-congress-an-opportunity-to-address-family-separation>.

Office of Inspector General, “Management Alert –DHS Needs to Address Dangerous Overcrowding and Prolonged Detention of Children and Adults in the Rio Grande Valley (Redacted)” Department of Homeland Security (2019), online: <https://www.oig.dhs.gov/sites/default/files/assets/2019-07/OIG-19-51-Jul19_.pdf.>.

O’Rourke, Beto. Twitter (3 August 2019), online: <https://twitter.com/BetoORourke/status/115785132379603763>

O’Rourke, Beto. Twitter (5 August 2019), online: <https://twitter.com/BetoORourke/status/115837020566976512>.

Pelosi, Nancy. Twitter (29 July 2019), online: <https://twitter.com/SpeakerPelosi/status/115514850829661388.

President George W. Bush, “Address to a Joint Session of Congress and the American People” The White House (20 September 2001), online: <https://georgewbushwhitehouse.archives.gov/news/releases/2001/09/20010920-8.html>.

Sanders, Bernie. Twitter (5 August 2019), online: <https://twitter.com/BernieSanders/status/1158500630325014528>.

Trump, Donald J. Twitter (22 June 2018), online: <https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1010156224749408258>.

Trump, Donald J. Twitter (25 October 2018), online: <https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1055527191235227648>.

Trump, Donald J. Twitter (29 October 2018), online: <https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1056919064906469376>.

Trump, Donald J. Twitter (30 March 2019), online: <https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1112091249153134598 >.

Trump, Donald J. Twitter (27 June 2019), online: <https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1155223906959147008>.

Trump, Donald J. Twitter (14 July 2019), online: <https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1150381394234941448> (beginning a thread of three tweets).

Trump, Donald J. Twitter (23 July 2019), online: <https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1153641906699681795> (beginning of a thread).

Trump, Donald J. Twitter (26 July 2019), online: <https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1154883345546928128>.

Trump, Donald J. Twitter (27 July 2019), online: <https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1155073965880172544>.

Trump, Donald J. Twitter (3 August 2019), online: <https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1157868518823596032>.

Trump, Donald J. Twitter (5 August 2019), online: <https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1158340095608610816>.

Trump, Donald J. Twitter (5 August 2019), online: <https://twitter.com/realDonaldTrump/status/1158330512341164032>.

United States Customs and Border Protection, “Criminal Alien Statistics Fiscal Year 2019” U.S. Department of Homeland Security, online: <https://www.cbp.gov/newsroom/stats/cbp-enforcement-statistics/criminal-alien-statistics>.

United States Department of Justice, Office of the Inspector General, The September 11 Detainees: A Review of the Treatment of Aliens Held on Immigration Charges in Connection with the Investigation of the September 11 Attacks (June 2003) c. 4, U.S.

Department of Justice, Office of the Inspector General.

United States Federal Register, “Declaring a National Emergency Concerning the Southern Border of the United States,” Proclamation 9844 National Archives (15 February 2019), online: <https://www.federalregister.gov/documents/2019/02/20/2019-03011/declaring-a-national-emergency-concerning-the-southern-border-of-the-united-states>.

White House, The. Twitter (26 July 2019), online: <https://twitter.com/WhiteHouse/status/1154861528539160576>.

SECONDARY MATERIAL: ESSAYS AND ONLINE EXPERT COMMENTARY

Akhavan, Payam. “Finding Empathy in the Age of Rage” Open Canada (22 May 2019) <https://www.opencanada.org/features/finding-empathy-age-rage/>.

American Academy of Pediatrics, “AAP Statement on Executive Order on Family Separation” American Academy of Pediatrics (20 June 2018), online: <https://www.aap.org/en-us/about-the-aap/aap-press-room/Pages/AAP-Statement-on-Executive-Order-on-Family-Separation.aspx>.

Amnesty International, “Fleeing for Our Lives: Central American

Migrant Crisis” Amnesty International, online: <https://www.amnestyusa.org/fleeing-for-our-lives-central-american-migrant-crisis/>.

Border Network for Human Rights, “The State of Human Rights at the U.S.-Mexico Border” BNHR (June 2019), online: <http://bnhr.org/wp-content/uploads/2019/06/BNHR-Abuse-Documentation-Campaing-Report-2019-.pdf>.

“Democratic Decay & Renewal: Bringing Democracy Defenders Together,” online: <https://www.democratic-decay.org/>.

Duffy, Maureen. “‘A Complete Corruption in Morality’: U.S. Family Separation and the Canada-U.S. Safe Third Country Agreement” JURIST (17 July 2018), online: <https://www.jurist.org/commentary/2018/07/maureen-duffy-corrupt-morality/>.

Gonzalez Barrera, Ana. “What we know about illegal immigration from Mexico” Fact Tank: Pew Research Center (28 June 2019), online: <https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/06/28/what-we-know-about-illegal-immigration-from-mexico/>.

Henein, Maria. “Rule of Law” Ideacity 2019, online: <https://ideacity.ca/video/marie-henein-rule-of-law/> (video).

International Rescue Committee, “Migrants, Asylum Seekers, Refugees and Immigrants: What’s the Difference?” IRC (22 June 2018), online: <https://www.rescue.org/article/migrants-asylum-seekers-refugees-and-immigrants-whats-difference>.

Krogstad, Jens Manuel. et al, “5 Facts About Illegal Immigration in the U.S.” Fact Tank: Pew Research Center (12 June 2019), online: <https://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2019/06/12/5-facts-about-illegal-immigration-in-the-u-s/>.

Lytle Hernandez, Kelly. “How Crossing the US-Mexico Border Became a Crime” The Conversation (30 April 2017) online: <https://theconversation.com/how-crossing-the-us-mexico-border-became-a-crime-74604>.

Orwell, George. “Politics and the English Language” (first published London: Horizon 1946, reproduced numerous times since), online: <http://www.orwell.ru/library/essays/politics/english/e_polit>.

Pompa, Cynthia. “Immigrant Kids Keep Dying in CBP Detention Centers, and DHS Won’t Take Accountability” ACLU (24 June 2019), online: <https://www.aclu.org/blog/immigrants-rights/immigrants-rights-and-detention/immigrant-kids-keep-dying-cbp-detention>.

Romero, Anthony D., “Donald Trump: A One-Man Constitutional Crisis” ACLU (13 July 2016), online: <https://www.aclu.org/issues/executive-branch/donald-trump-one-man-constitutional-crisis>.

United Nations Refugee Agency, “Central America Refugee Crisis”

United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, online: <https://www.unrefugees.org/emergencies/central-america/>.

United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs, “About OCHA Syria,” UNOCHA, online: <https://www.unocha.org/syrian-arab-republic/about-ocha-syria>.

SECONDARY MATERIAL: MEDIA AND OTHER SOURCES

___, “Donald Trump Calls Syrian Refugees ‘The Great Trojan Horse Of All Time’” Huffington Post <https://www.huffingtonpost.ca/entry/donald-trump-calls-syrian-refugees-the-great-trojan-horse-of-all-time_n_5b507acbe4b00e8c8eb7259b>.

___, “Guatemala Signs Migration Deal with US After Trump Threats” BBC (27 July 2019), online: <https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-49134544>.

___, “Trump Says Cummings Lied About Conditions in Migrant Detention Facilities. Did He?” PBS News Hour (29 July 2019), online: https://www.pbs.org/newshour/show/trump-says-cummings-lied-about-conditions-in-migrant-detention-facilities-did-he>.

___, “Trump Says He Doesn't See White Nationalism as a Rising Global Threat After New Zealand Shooting” Time (15 March 2019), online: <https://time.com/5552850/donald-trump-white-nationalism-global-threat-new-zealand/>.

Alberta, Tim. “The Democrats’ Dilemma” Politico (8 March 2019), online: <https://www.politico.com/magazine/story/2019/03/08/ilhan-omar-dean-phillips-minnesota-democratic-party-225696>.

Andone, Dakin, et al. “The El Paso Shooter Faces the Death Penalty in a ‘Domestic Terrorism’ Case” (4 August 2019), CNN online: <https://www.cnn.com/2019/08/04/us/el-paso-shooting-sunday/index.html>.

Associated Press, “‘Tragic Conditions’: Migrant Kids at Texas Border Facility Neglected and Lack Food, Water and Sanitation” CBC (21 June 2019), online: <https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/texas-el-paso-migrant-children-neglect-1.5185329>.

Associated Press, “Trump Downplays Threat of White Nationalism Following New Zealand Massacre” CBC (15 March 2019), online: <https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/trump-new-zealand-white-identity-1.5059127>.

Associated Press, “U.S. Fires Tear Gas Across Mexico Border to Stop Migrants” NBC News (1 January 2019), online: <https://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/immigration-border-crisis/u-s-fires-tear-gas-across-mexico-border-stop-migrants-n953641>.

Aymer, Rev. Dr. Margaret & Nasrallah, Laura. “What Jeff Sessions Got Wrong When Quoting the Bible” Washington Post (15 June 2018), online: <https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/acts-of-faith/wp/2018/06/15/what-jeff-sessions-got-wrong-when-quoting-the-bible/?utm_term=.1927398859f2>.

Baker, Peter & Shear, Michael D. “El Paso Shooting Suspect’s Manifesto Echoes Trump’s Language” The New York Times (4 August 2019), online: <https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/04/us/politics/trump-mass-shootings.html>.

Baltimore Sun Editorial Board, “Better to Have a Few Rats Than to be One” Baltimore Sun (28 July 2019), <https://www.baltimoresun.com/opinion/editorial/bs-ed-0728-trump-baltimore-20190727-k6ac4yvnpvcczlaexdfglifada-story.html>.

Barry, Orla. “In Orbán’s Hungary, Refugees Are Unwelcome — So Are Those Who Try to Help” PRI’s the World (11 February 2019), online: <https://www.pri.org/stories/2019-02-11/orban-s-hungary-refugees-are-unwelcome-so-are-those-who-try-help>.

Campoy, Ana. “US Officials Must Now Say ‘Illegal Aliens,’ Not ‘Undocumented Immigrants’” QZ (25 July 2018), online: <https://qz.com/1336110/its-illegal-aliens-not-undocumented-immigrants-says-the-us-department-of-justice/>.

Carasik, Lauren. “Trump’s Safe Third Country Agreement With Guatemala Is a Lie” Foreign Policy (30 July 2019) online: <https://foreignpolicy.com/2019/07/30/trumps-safe-third-country-agreement-with-guatemala-is-a-lie/>.

Cass, Robert. “The Origins of the Term ‘Windy City’ Have Been Misreported (Again)” Chicago Reader (21 November 2008), online: <https://www.chicagoreader.com/Bleader/archives/2008/11/21/the-origins-of-the-term-windy-city-have-been-misreported-again>.

Collins, Michael & Jackson, David. “Trump Says Detention Facilities ‘Beautifully Run’ After Report Describes Dangerous Conditions” USA Today (5 July 2019), online: <https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/politics/2019/07/05/immigration-trump-defends-beautifully-run-detention-facilities/1660455001/>.

Cooper, Anderson. Interview, “Donald Trump: ‘I Think Islam Hates Us’ YouTube: CNN (9 March 2016), online: <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C-Zj0tfZY6o>.

Crowley & Maggie Haberman, “Trump Condemns White Supremacy but Stops Short of Major Gun Controls” The New York Times (5 August 2019), online: <https://www.nytimes.com/2019/08/05/us/politics/trump-speech-mass-shootings-dayton-el-paso.html>.

Duggan, Paul & Jouvenal, Justin. “Neo-Nazi Sympathizer Pleads Guilty to Federal Hate Crimes for Plowing Car into Crowd of Protesters at ‘Unite the Right’ rally in Charlottesville” Washington Post (1 April 2019), online: <https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/public-safety/neo-nazi-sympathizer-pleads-guilty-to-federal-hate-crimes-for-plowing-car-into-crowd-of-protesters-at-unite-the-right-rally-in-charlottesville/2019/03/27/2b947c32-50ab-11e9-8d28-f5149e5a2fda_story.html?utm_term=.8f62805e362a>.

Ferreras, Jesse. “Donald Trump: ‘I’m a nationalist, OK? Nationalist.

Use That Word, Use That Word’” Global News (22 October 2018), online: <https://globalnews.ca/news/4584546/donald-trump-nationalist-rally-texas/>.

Fox News, “Donald Trump Sits Down With Bill O'Reilly” The O’Reilly Factor (30 March 2011) <https://www.foxnews.com/transcript/donald-trump-sits-down-with-bill-oreilly>.

González- Ramírez, Andrea. “Don’t Let Trump’s Racist Tweets Distract You From These Immigration Stories” Refinery29 (15 July 2019), online: <https://www.refinery29.com/en-us/2019/07/237856/trump-alexandria-ocasio-cortez-racist-tweets-ice-raids-asylum-policy>.

Guardian Staff, “Who is Jair Bonsonaro? Brazil's Far-Right President in his Own Words” The Guardian (29 October 2019), online: <https://www.theguardian.com/world/2018/sep/06/jair-bolsonaro-brazil-tropical-trump-who-hankers-for-days-of-dictatorship>.

Haslett, Cheyenne. “Fact Check: Trump's Claims on Undocumented Immigrant Crime Rates. Here's What the Numbers Show” ABC News (15 January 2019), online: <https://abcnews.go.com/Politics/fact-check-trumps-claims-illegal-immigrant-crime-rates/story?id=60311860>.

Holland, Steve & Cowan, Richard. “Backing down, Trump agrees to end shutdown without border wall money” Reuters (25 January 2019), online: <https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-shutdown/backing-down-trump-agrees-to-end-shutdown-without-border-wall-money-idUSKCN1PJ126>.

Jacobson, Louis. “Donald Trump Says If You're from Syria and a Christian, You Can't Come to the U.S. as a Refugee” (20 July 2015) Politifact, online: <https://www.politifact.com/truth-o-meter/statements/2015/jul/20/donald-trump/donald-trump-says-if-youre-syria-and-christianyou-/>.

Keith, Tamara. “Commander-In-Tweet: Trump's Social Media Use and Presidential Media Avoidance” NPR (18 November 2016), online: <https://www.npr.org/2016/11/18/502306687/commander-in-tweet-trumps-social-media-use-and-presidential-media-avoidance>.

Kelly, Caroline. “Beto O'Rourke: President Donald Trump is a White Nationalist” CNN (4 August 2019), online: <https://www.cnn.com/2019/08/04/politics/beto-orourke-trump-white-nationalist-cnntv/index.html>.

Kelly, Caroline. “Ocasio-Cortez on Calling Detention Centers ‘Concentration Camps’: We Have to ‘Learn From Our History’” CNN (27 June 2019), online: <https://www.cnn.com/2019/06/27/politics/alexandria-ocasio-cortez-concentration-camps-the-lead-cnntv/index.html>.

Khrebtan-Hörhager, Julia. “Italians First: The New Borders of European Humanity” Europe Now Journal (4 February 2019), online: <https://www.europenowjournal.org/2019/02/04/italians-first-the-new-borders-of-european-humanity/>.

Kopan, Tal et al. “Separated parents given option for voluntary deportation amid child reunification” CNN (24 June 2018), online: <https://www.cnn.com/2018/06/24/politics/family-reunification-deportation-orders/index.html>.

Levinson, Barry, Dir. Wag the Dog (Baltimore Pictures: 1997).

Maxouris, Christina, et al. “President Trump to Visit El Paso Wednesday, Mayor Says” CNN (5 August 2019), online: <https://www.cnn.com/2019/08/05/us/el-paso-shooting-monday/index.html>.

Monbiot, George. “From Trump to Johnson, Nationalists Are on the Rise – Backed by Billionaire Oligarchs” The Guardian (26 July 2019), online: <https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/jul/26/trump-johnson-nationalists-billionaire-oligarchs>.

Newport, Frank. “Deconstructing Trump's Use of Twitter” Gallup (16 May 2018), online: <https://news.gallup.com/poll/234509/deconstructing-trump-twitter.aspx>.

Nyhan, Brendan. “Trump Is Taking Credit for Resolving the Crises He Created” Medium (4 June 2019), online: <https://gen.medium.com/trump-is-taking-credit-for-resolving-the-crises-he-created-35e4d720ed04>.

Ortega, Bob. “Trump Said Military Should Shoot Rock-Throwing Migrants. Officials Disagree.” CNN (2 November 2018), online: <https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/02/us/officials-dismiss-shooting-rock-throwing-migrants-trump-invs/index.html>.

Politico Staff, “Full Text: Trump’s Comments on White Supremacists, ‘Alt-Left’ in Charlottesville” Politico (15 August 2017), online: <https://www.politico.com/story/2017/08/15/full-text-trump-comments-white-supremacists-alt-left-transcript-241662>.

Rascoe, Ayesha. “A Year After Charlottesville, Not Much Has Changed For Trump” NPR (11 August 2018), online: <https://www.npr.org/2018/08/11/637665414/a-year-after-charlottesville-not-much-has-changed-for-trump>.

Reuters, “Polish Opposition Warns Refugees Could Spread Infectious Diseases” Reuters (15 October 2015), online: <https://www.reuters.com/article/us-europe-migrants-poland/polish-opposition-warns-refugees-could-spread-infectious-diseases-idUSKCN0S918B20151015>.

Rivas, Anthony. “Trump’s Language About Mexican Immigrants Under Scrutiny in Wake of El Paso Shooting” ABCNews (4 August 2019), online: <https://abcnews.go.com/US/trumps-language-mexican-immigrants-scrutiny-wake-el-paso/story?id=64768566>.

Ruiz, Camila. “The Battle Over the Words Used to Describe migrants” BBC (28 August 2015), online: <https://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-34061097>.

Sacchetti, Maria.“ACLU: U.S. Has Taken Nearly 1,000 Child Migrants from Their Parents Since Judge Ordered Stop to Border Separations” Washington Post (30 July 2019), online: <https://www.washingtonpost.com/immigration/aclu-us-has-taken-nearly-1000-child-migrants-from-their-parents-since-judge-ordered-stop-to-border-separations/2019/07/30/bde452d8-b2d5-11e9-8949-5f36ff92706e_story.html?noredirect=on&utm_term=.7f2d9db9036f>.

Sergent, James et al. “Chilling First-Hand Reports of Migrant Detention Centers Highlight Smell of 'Urine, Feces,' Overcrowded Conditions” USAToday (17 July 2019), online: <https://www.usatoday.com/in-depth/news/politics/elections/2019/07/16/migrant-detention-centers-described-2019-us-government-accounts/1694638001/>.

Shepardson, David. “Trump Says Family Separations Deter Illegal Immigration” Reuters (13 October 2018), online: <https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-immigration-trump/trump-says-family-separations-deter-illegal-immigration-idUSKCN1MO00C>.

Sherman, Wendy R. “Opinion: How to Stop the March to War with Iran The New York Times (15 May 2019), online: <https://www.nytimes.com/2019/05/15/opinion/stop-iran-war.html>.

Shoichet, Catherine E. “What 7 Statistics Tell Us About Immigration and Crime CNN (8 January 2019), online: <https://www.cnn.com/2018/11/03/us/immigrants-crime-numbers/index.html>.

Stahl, Jeremy. “Top CBP Officer Testifies He’s Unsure if 3-Year-Old Is “a Criminal or a National Security Threat” Reuters (July 2019) <https://slate.com/news-and-politics/2019/07/cbp-chief-brian-hastings-family-separation-judiciary-hearing-not-mueller.html>.

Taylor, Adam. “Trump Embraces ‘Wag the Dog’ Politics” Washington Post (31 October 2018), online: <https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2018/10/31/trump-embraces-wag-dog-politics/?utm_term=.3f04fd0eb7e3>.

Thrush, Glenn & Haberman, Maggie. “Trump Gives White Supremacists an Unequivocal Boost” The New York Times (15 August 2017), online: <https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/15/us/politics/trump-charlottesville-white-nationalists.html?mcubz=0>.

Wagner, Meg, et al. “Live Updates: At Least 31 Killed in U.S. Weekend Mass Shootings” CNN (5 August 2019), online: <https://www.cnn.com/us/live-news/el-paso-dayton-shootings-august-2019/index.html>.

Wagner, Meg et al. “What’s Happening at the U.S. Border” CNN (22 June 2018), online: <https://www.cnn.com/politics/live-news/immigration-border-children-separation/h_5652f6b137eaba6711e304f376476c94>.

Wiktionary, <https://en.m.wiktionary.org/wiki/full_of_hot_air>.

Descargas

Publicado

2019-10-06

Cómo citar

Duffy, M. (2019). “WAGGING THE DOG”: FEIGNING CRISIS IN U.S. ANTI-MIGRATION NARRATIVES TO CREATE CRISIS. REI - REVISTA ESTUDOS INSTITUCIONAIS, 5(2), 656–698. https://doi.org/10.21783/rei.v5i2.389

Número

Sección

Artigos Internacionais