INTERGENERATIONAL JUSTICE AS INTERGENERATIONAL INCLUSION: new challenges for welfare systems

Auteurs

  • Giacomo Balduzzi University of Eastern Piedmont.
  • Anna Rosa Favretto University of Eastern Piedmont.

DOI :

https://doi.org/10.21783/rei.v6i3.447

Mots-clés :

intergenerational justice, labour market policy, NEETs, social inclusion, welfare systems

Résumé

The principle of intergenerational justice is much more common in the environmental sector, but it is becoming less unusual to consider it in a social and political context. The last economic crisis has significantly increased inequality among and across generations. In several EU countries, the number of NEETs raised dramatically after the recession. Moving from the Italian case, the paper focuses on the policies recently implemented to tackle the problem. Evidence shows that solutions exclusively focused on the labour market are not sufficient to activate a full social inclusion. Hence, the authors suggest considering intergenerational justice as intergenerational inclusion and in terms of active participation and empowerment in people’s local communities. The analysis takes into account theoretical issues and practical implications of such a viewpoint, referring in particular to welfare systems and their effectiveness in facing this kind of challenge.

Téléchargements

Les données relatives au téléchargement ne sont pas encore disponibles.

Bibliographies de l'auteur

Giacomo Balduzzi, University of Eastern Piedmont.

Post-doc research fellow at University of Pavia, Temporary Lecturer in Sociology of collective choices at University of Eastern Piedmont, member of the research group “NEOH”, Network for Evaluation of One Health (Programme EU COST), researcher at CIRSIS, Centre for Studies and Research on Higher Education Systems.

Anna Rosa Favretto, University of Eastern Piedmont.

Full professor of Sociology; chief of Lab-SIA (CEIMS – Lab Health Childhood Adolescence); chief of Degree in Society and Local Development; member appointed by the University of Eastern Piedmont at the Permanent Regional Observatory against Bullying;  member of the research group “NEOH”, Network for Evaluation of One Health (Programme EU COST); member of editorial boards of scientific journals and Scientific Associations; principal investigator of many researches.

Références

Alanen L (2004) ‘L'infanzia come concetto generazionale’, pp. 59–75 in H Hengst, H Zeiher (eds) Per una sociologia dell'infanzia. Milano: FrancoAngeli.

Alanen L (2009) ‘Generational Order’, pp. 159˗174 in J Qvortrup, WA Corsaro, MS Honig (eds) The Palgrave Handbook of Childhood Studies. London: Palgrave.

Alfieri S, Sironi E, Marta E, Rosina A and Marzana D (2015) ‘Young Italian NEETs (Not in Employment, Education, or Training) and the Influence of Their Family Background’, Europe's Journal of Psychology 11(2): 311–322.

Anpal (2019) ‘Garanzia Giovani in Italia. Nota mensile’, Agenzia Nazionale Politiche Attive del Lavoro 2019/2 [https://www.anpal.gov.it/dati-e-pubblicazioni/note-brevi], accessed 23 April 2019.

Baici E, Servetti D, Aina C, Balduzzi G, Casalone G and Rostan M (2017) ‘Non solo stage: lavoro, inclusione e progetti di comunità in una sperimentazione a Novara’, pp. 315–329 in S Alfieri, E Sironi (eds) Una generazione in panchina. Da NEET a risorsa per il Paese. Milano: Vita e pensiero.

Barry B (1999a) ‘Sustainability and intergenerational justice’, pp. 93–117 in A Dobson (ed) Fairness and Futurity: Essays on Environmental Sustainability and Social Justice. Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.

Barry B (1999b) ‘Sustainability and intergenerational justice’, Theoria: A Journal of Social and Political Theory, 89: 43-64.

Bengtson V, Furlong M and Laufer R (1983) ‘Time, Aging, and the Continuity of Social Structure: Themes and Issues in Generational Analysis’, Journal of Social Issues 39(4): 45–71.

Blossfeld HP, Buchholz S, Hofäcker D and Bertolini S (2012) ‘Selective flexibilization and deregulation of the labour market. The answer of Continental and Southern Europe’, Stato e mercato 32(3): 363–390.

Brown-Weiss E (1992) ‘Intergenerational equity: a legal framework for global environmental change’, pp. 385–412 in E Brown-Weiss (ed) Environmental change and international law: New challenges and dimensions. Tokyo: United Nations University Press.

Caney S (2018) ‘Justice and Future Generations’, Annual Review of Political Science, 21: 475–493.

Carney GM, Scharf T, Timonen V and Conlon C (2014) ‘Blessed are the young, for they shall inherit the national debt: Solidarity between generations in the Irish crisis’, Critical Social Policy 34(3): 312–332.

Cavalca G (2016) ‘Young people in transitions: conditions, indicators and policy implications. To NEET or not to NEET?’, pp. 272–287 in G Coppola and N O’Higgins (eds) Youth and the Crisis. Unemployment, education and health in Europe. London–New York: Routledge.

Centro Studi Confindustria (2019) Dove va l’economia Italiana e gli scenari geoeconomici. Rome: Confindustria Servizi.

Cuzzocrea V (2014) ‘Projecting the category of NEET into the future’, pp. 69-82 in Council of Europe Directorate (ed) Perspectives on Youth, Volume 1 – 2020 – what do you see?. Strasbourg: Council of Europe Publishing.

De-Shalit A (1995) Why Posterity Matters. Environmental Policies and Future Generations. London-New York: Routledge.

Di Carlo LS (2018) ‘Il debito pubblico tra giustizia intergenerazionale, principio di proporzionalità e diritti di autonomia’, Le istituzioni del federalismo 29(1): 105–128.

Eurofound (2017) Long-term unemployed youth: Characteristics and policy responses. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.

Eurofound (2012) NEETs. Young people not in employment, education or training: Characteristics, costs and policy responses in Europe. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.

European Commission (2018a) Italy. Report prepared in accordance with Article 126(3) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union. Brussels, 21.11.2018 COM(2018) 809 final.

European Commission (2018b) Youth Guarantee country by country. Italy. May 2018. Brussels: DG Employment, Social Affairs & Inclusion.

European Commission (2014) Guidance on implementing the Youth. Employment Initiative. European Social Fund thematic paper. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.

European Commission (2010). Youth on the move. An initiative to unleash the potential of young people to achieve smart, sustainable and inclusive growth in the European Union. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.

European Council (2013), Council Recommendation of 22 April 2013 on establishing a Youth Guarantee. Luxembourg, 22.04.2013 (2013/C 120/01).

European Court of Auditors (2017) Youth unemployment – have EU policies made a difference? An assessment of the Youth Guarantee and the Youth Employment Initiative. Luxembourg: Publications Office of the European Union.

Eurostat (2018) ‘News release euro indicators’, 135/31-08-2018. [https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/documents/2995521/9105310/3-31082018-AP-EN.pdf/772f2449-74be-415d-b4b0-351f31982720] accessed 23 April 2019.

Eurostat (2019a) ‘GDP and main components (output, expenditure and income)’ [http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu] accessed 23 April 2019.

Eurostat (2019b) ‘Young people neither in employment nor in education and training by sex, age and labour status (NEET rates)’ [http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu] accessed 23 April 2019.

Fontefrancesco MF and Balduzzi G (2016), ‘NEET What?, NEET Where? Empirical evidences and reflections from Novara (Italy)’, Paper presented at 14th EASA Conference Anthropological legacies and human futures. Milan, July 20-23, 2016.

Fratto F (2013) ‘Identifying Policy Innovations Increasing Labour Market Resilience and Inclusion of Vulnerable Groups. National Report Italy’, Inspires Working Papers 23.

Gardiner SM (2009) ‘A contract on future generations?’, pp. 77–118 in A Gosseries and LH Meyer (eds) Intergenerational justice. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Governo della Repubblica Italiana (2013) ‘Italian Youth Guarantee Implementation Plan’, report presented on 23 December 2013 [http://www.garanziagiovani.gov.it] accessed 23 April 2019.

Griesser M (2018) ‘Images and imaginaries of unemployed people: Discursive shifts in the transition from active to activating labour market policies in Germany’, Critical Social Policy 38(2): 387–406.

Istat (2018) Annuario statistico italiano 2018. Rome: Istituto Nazionale di Statistica.

Istat (2019a) ‘Rilevazione sulle forze lavoro. Tasso di disoccupazione giovanile totale. Italia e Regioni’, Rome, Istituto Nazionale di Statistica [http://noi-italia.istat.it] accessed 23 April 2019.

Istat (2019b) ‘Rilevazione sulle forze lavoro. NEET (giovani non occupati e non in istruzione e formazione)’, Rome, Istituto Nazionale di Statistica [http://dati.istat.it] accessed 23 April 2019.

Jefferson T (1813) ‘Thomas Jefferson to John Wayles Eppes’, 24 June 1813, National Archives, [https://founders.archives.gov/documents/Jefferson/03-06-02-0200] accessed 11 April 2019.

Lumer C (2006) ‘Principles of Generational Justice’, pp. 39–52 in JC Tremmel (ed.) Handbook of Intergenerational Justice. Cheltenham, UK–Northampton, MA, USA: Edward Elgar 2006.

Mannheim K (1993) ‘The Problem of Generations’, pp. 22–65 in MA Hardy (ed.) Studying Aging and Social Change: Conceptual and Methodological Issues. London: SAGE.

Menga F (2017a) ‘Cose dell’ “altro mondo”. L’atopia della giustizia intergenerazionale quale sfida all’etica, alla politica e al diritto’, Sociologia del diritto 3: 29–57.

Menga F (2017b) Lo scandalo del futuro. Per una giustizia intergenerazionale. Rome: Edizioni di Storia e Letteratura.

Ministero del Lavoro, Istat, Inps, Inail and Anpal (2019) Il mercato del lavoro 2018. Verso una lettura integrata. Rome: Istituto Nazionale di Statistica.

Oecd (2014) Job Creation and Local Economic Development. Paris: Oecd Publishing.

Pastore F (2019) ‘Why so slow? The school-to-work transition in Italy’, Studies in Higher Education DOI: 10.1080/03075079.2018.1437722.

Pastore F (2015) ‘The European Youth Guarantee: Labor Market Context, Conditions and Opportunities in Italy’, IZA Journal of European Labor Studies 11(4).

Peugny C and Van de Velde C (2013) ‘Repenser les inégalités entre générations’, Revue française de sociologie 54(4): 641-662. English version ‘Rethinking Inter-Generational Inequality’, translated by Peter Hamilton [https://www.cairn-int.info] accessed 23 April 2019.

Quintano C, Mazzocchi P and Rocca A (2018) ‘The determinants of Italian NEETs and the effects of the economic crisis’, Genus 74(1) DOI: 10.1186/s41118-018-0031-0.

Qvortrup J (1994) ‘Childhood Matters: An Introduction’, pp. 1–23 in J Qvortrup, M Bardy, Sgritta G and H Wintersberger (eds) Childhood Matters: Social Theory, Practice and Politics. Aldershot: Avebury Press.

Rawls J (1999) A Theory of Justice. Revised Edition. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.

Salvà-Mut F, Tugores-Ques M and Quintana-Murci E (2018) ‘NEETs in Spain: an analysis in a context of economic crisis’, International Journal of Lifelong Education 37(2): 168–183.

Social Exclusion Unit (1999) Bridging the Gap: New Opportunities for 16-18 year olds not in education, employment or training. London: The Stationery Office.

Terzo G (2018) ‘Il Terzo settore come driver delle politiche di attivazione dei giovani NEET in un’ottica di ʻsecondo welfareʼ. Alcune riflessioni a margine dell’iniziativa Youth Guarantee’, Paper presented at XII Colloquio scientifico sull’impresa sociale. Trento, May 25, 2018.

Tremmel J C (2009) A Theory of Intergenerational Justice. London: Routledge.

World Commission on Environment and Development (1987) Our Common Future. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Téléchargements

Publiée

2020-12-30

Comment citer

Balduzzi, G., & Favretto, A. R. (2020). INTERGENERATIONAL JUSTICE AS INTERGENERATIONAL INCLUSION: new challenges for welfare systems. REI - REVISTA ESTUDOS INSTITUCIONAIS, 6(3), 1417–1435. https://doi.org/10.21783/rei.v6i3.447

Numéro

Rubrique

Artigos Internacionais