PRECEDENTS AS A FOUNDATION FOR RESPONSIVE CONSTITUTIONAL REVIEW
STRATEGIES TO COUNTER DEMOCRATIC EROSION
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21783/rei.v11i3.954Keywords:
Precedentes, Controle de Constitucionalidade, Revisão Judicial Responsiva, Erosão Democrática, Stare DecisisAbstract
The contemporary phenomenon of democratic erosion promoted by autocratic leaders places constitutional courts in a complex position: they must simultaneously preserve their institutional legitimacy and actively defend the democratic regime. This article investigates how consistent jurisprudence, based on solid precedents, can strengthen courts' capacity to exercise responsive constitutional review without compromising their social credibility. Thus, it argues that Rosalind Dixon's theory of responsive judicial review can be enhanced through the systematic use of precedents, creating a theoretical framework that reconciles democratic adaptability with legal stability. The investigation articulates responsive judicial review theory with stare decisis principles, proposing that systematic precedent observance grants courts greater legitimacy to intervene in situations of democratic threat. Finally, it analyzes the Brazilian case during the Bolsonaro government to illustrate both the potential and limits of this approach in civil law systems. Analysis of the Brazilian case reveals significant paradoxes: while the Supreme Federal Court managed to partially resist the Bolsonaro government's authoritarian advances, previous inconsistencies in precedent usage (particularly regarding imprisonment after second-instance conviction) weakened its institutional legitimacy. The work concludes that well-structured precedents constitute an essential instrument for balancing democratic responsiveness and legal stability, but civil law systems face specific challenges in consolidating this culture. Thus, the article contributes to the debate about the limits and possibilities of defensive constitutionalism in contexts of democratic backsliding.
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